Russia-India Relations in the Broader Geopolitical Context

List of Key Chapter Titles

1. Introduction: External Conditions for the Development of Russia-India Relations
2. Trade Cooperation
3. Energy Cooperation
4. High-Tech Sector Cooperation
5. Regional Priorities (Arctic, Central Asia, Near East, etc.)
6. Constraints on Russia-India Strategic Cooperation (China, Quad, etc.)
7. Practical Recommendations for Trade Cooperation
8. Practical Recommendations for Energy Cooperation
9. Practical Recommendations for High-Tech Sector Cooperation
10. Conclusion

Document Introduction

Against the backdrop of the accelerated formation of a global multipolar order, Russia-India relations have become a significant dimension in the evolution of the international landscape. The two countries share a profound foundation of historical collaboration, have maintained strategic resolve amidst geopolitical turbulence such as the Ukraine crisis, with India refusing to join anti-Russia sanctions, and Russia viewing India as a core force and a priority partner in a multipolar world. The strategic mutual trust between the two sides exhibits resilient characteristics. This report, based on joint research by experts from Russia and India, systematically analyzes the current state of development, core drivers, and potential challenges in the bilateral relationship.

The report has a clear structure, starting from the three core areas of cooperation—trade, energy, and high-tech—and integrating regional cooperation priorities such as the Arctic, Central Asia, the Near East, and Africa, to construct a comprehensive analytical framework. In the trade sector, it elaborates on the breakthrough progress of bilateral trade volume exceeding $49.3 billion in 2022-2023, as well as the practices of the two countries in circumventing Western sanctions, advancing local currency settlement, and improving logistics infrastructure. The energy cooperation section focuses on the rapid growth in oil, natural gas, and coal trade, and the implementation outcomes of landmark projects such as the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. The high-tech sector covers cooperation achievements and setbacks in fields such as aerospace, nuclear energy, pharmaceuticals, and information technology.

The core value of this report lies in its objective presentation of the complexity of Russia-India relations: on one hand, the two countries share broad consensus on issues such as multipolarity, regional security, and global governance, with people-to-people friendship and cultural affinity providing a solid foundation for bilateral ties; on the other hand, strategic differences such as India's "Look East" policy and Russia's "Pivot to the East," the influence of China, and perceptual divergences arising from the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) constitute structural constraints on deepening cooperation. The report's data sources include bilateral trade statistics, government documents, corporate cooperation agreements, and in-depth expert interviews, ensuring the objectivity and credibility of the analysis.

Based on empirical analysis, the report proposes targeted policy recommendations, including expanding trade diversification in non-energy sectors, strengthening local currency settlement mechanisms, advancing the construction of the "International North-South Transport Corridor," deepening cooperation in nuclear and renewable energy, and establishing a risk prevention and control system for high-tech cooperation. These recommendations provide practical references for policymakers, think tank researchers, and the business communities of both countries, holding significant academic value and practical relevance for understanding the pathways and logic of major power cooperation in a multipolar world.