2024 U.S. Homeland Security Threat Assessment Report

Key Chapter Title List

1. Public Safety and Security
2. Terrorism
3. Illicit Drugs
4. State Actors: Influence Operations and Transnational Repression
5. Border and Immigration Security
6. Transnational Criminal Organizations
7. Critical Infrastructure Security
8. Disruptive Cyber Attacks Against Critical Infrastructure
9. Disruptive Physical Attacks Against Critical Infrastructure
10. Economic Security Threats
11. Economic Manipulation and Coercion
12. Economic Espionage and Influence Penetration

Document Introduction

The "2025 Homeland Threat Assessment Report" issued by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Office of Intelligence and Analysis aims to identify the most direct and urgent security threats facing the U.S. homeland in Fiscal Year 2025, providing intelligence support for homeland security-related decision-making and operations. The report integrates multi-source intelligence and analytical perspectives from DHS and relevant stakeholders, focusing on core issues such as the dynamic terrorist threat landscape, increasing complexity of the immigration system, transnational organized crime, proliferation of cyber threats, and geopolitical strategic competition.

The report employs a traditional intelligence assessment framework, categorizing various evolving threats into four core pillars: Public Safety and Security, Border and Immigration Security, Critical Infrastructure Security, and Economic Security. It is noteworthy that numerous threat actors and their activities span multiple domains, exerting influence through complex and mutually reinforcing means, while persistent issues such as new technology development and climate change also create compounding effects on various threats.

In the realm of public safety, the U.S. terrorism threat environment in 2025 is expected to remain elevated, with domestic violent extremists and foreign terrorist organization-linked extremists constituting the primary attack risks. Events such as the 2024 election cycle and conflicts in the Middle East serve as significant catalysts. Illicit drug trafficking, particularly synthetic opioids like fentanyl, continues to pose the most lethal threat to American communities. Regarding border and immigration security, although the number of migrant encounters has decreased, it remains high. Transnational criminal organizations continue to exploit the border environment to smuggle drugs and people, and the risk of individuals on terrorist watchlists entering the country persists.

Critical infrastructure faces dual threats of cyber and physical attacks from both domestic and foreign actors. China, Russia, and Iran are listed as primary foreign threat sources, with China specifically accused of persistently pre-positioning attack capabilities within U.S. networks. Domestic violent extremists also frequently call for attacks against critical sectors such as energy and communications. In the economic security domain, China is identified as the primary threat, harming U.S. industrial competitiveness through anti-competitive policies, intellectual property theft, and supply chain manipulation. Simultaneously, vulnerabilities persist where supply chains remain susceptible to external manipulation and disaster impacts.

By systematically outlining the manifestations, drivers, and evolutionary trends of various threats, the report provides comprehensive intelligence reference and decision-making basis for the U.S. homeland security apparatus to address complex, cross-domain security challenges. Its analytical conclusions and policy implications hold significant value for understanding the trajectory of U.S. homeland security strategy.