Current Status and Challenges of the Gaza Ceasefire Agreement Implementation

Key Chapter Title List

1. Introduction: A Delayed Ceasefire Is Not the Ultimate Solution
2. Challenges Faced: Positions of All Parties and Core Disagreements
3. Negotiation Process: Key Demands and Conditions for Exchange
4. Analysis of the Agreement Text: Security Arrangements and Political Framework
5. Complexities at the Implementation Level: Transition from Ceasefire to Governance
6. Conclusion: The Necessity of a Ceasefire and the Absence of Lasting Peace

Document Introduction

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the latest diplomatic efforts surrounding the end of the Israel-Gaza war, with a core focus on the 20-point peace plan proposed by U.S. President Trump. The report was written in early October 2025, during a critical phase of negotiations, aiming to assess the practical feasibility of the draft agreement, the focal points of contention among the parties, and the multiple strategic and operational challenges that the agreement's implementation will face. The report points out that although the international community urgently hopes to end this conflict which has already caused tens of thousands of casualties, and the plan has gained support from major regional powers and the world's leading Islamic countries except Iran, there remains a high degree of uncertainty regarding its successful implementation.

The structure of the report first outlines the background of the negotiations and the preliminary content of the plan, then shifts to an analysis of the positions of the main actors—Hamas and the Israeli government. While Hamas has shown willingness to reach an agreement, particularly eager to initiate a prisoner exchange, it firmly opposes being excluded from Gaza's future civilian governance and is deeply concerned about the Israeli military entering its former areas of control and whether its members will be immune from future pursuit. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu also faces domestic political pressure, as the agreement requires Israel to cease military operations, release approximately 2000 Palestinian prisoners, and abandon the goals of complete control or large-scale relocation of Gaza's residents, which contradicts his pre-war commitments.

The core section of the report deconstructs the agreement's terms and their inherent contradictions in detail. The plan requires Hamas to simultaneously disarm and dissolve its governance institutions, with the Palestinian Authority taking over Gaza's civilian services, and ultimately establishing a new "untainted" police and security force. However, the specific roadmap for disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration is vague, only mentioning "independent monitors." The report draws an analogy with the post-2003 Iraq governance dilemma, pointing out that hastily dismantling the existing administrative structure without a viable alternative could lead to instability. Furthermore, the security transition period will involve temporary patrols by the Israel Defense Forces until a multinational force contributed by Arab countries is established, a process fraught with severe coordination and command challenges.

The report further analyzes the unique implementation architecture of this peace plan. Unlike traditional United Nations peacekeeping operations, this mission is not under direct UN command. Instead, Trump serves as the proposed chairman of the "Peace Commission," with support from international political figures like Tony Blair. This unprecedented model lacks an existing template, and its relationship with future local governance institutions in Gaza (such as a "committee" composed of Palestinian and international experts) is poorly defined. The report warns that the inevitable delays in establishing these governance and security mechanisms could undermine their credibility before the new authority is fully formed.

Finally, the report concludes: although a ceasefire is crucial for alleviating the humanitarian disaster in Gaza and stopping the violence, the Trump plan primarily focuses on post-conflict security arrangements and short-term stability, failing to address fundamental political issues such as Palestinian self-determination and the "two-state solution." Gaza's reconstruction and development rely on massive financial support pledged by regional countries, but if deeper political contradictions remain unresolved, no peace can be lasting. The report believes that the negotiations in Sharm El-Sheikh represent a key opportunity to end the prolonged conflict, but their success depends not only on the signing of a ceasefire agreement but also on the subsequent complex and arduous political and security transition being smoothly realized.