Artificial Intelligence Index Report

Key Chapter Title List

1. Research and Development
2. Technical Performance
3. Responsible AI
4. Economics
5. Science and Medicine
6. Policy and Governance
7. Education
8. Public Opinion
9. AI Conferences
10. Open-Source AI Software
11. Hardware Trends
12. Analysis of Notable AI Models

Document Introduction

The "AI Index Report 2025" is the eighth edition flagship annual report released by Stanford University's Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. This report aims to provide policymakers, researchers, corporate executives, and the public with a comprehensive, independent, and data-driven panoramic view of global artificial intelligence development. As a derivative of the AI100 "One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence" project, the index has long tracked and interpreted the most critical trends shaping the AI field, including technological evolution, changes in the geopolitical landscape, deepening commercial applications, and their broad impact on society, economy, and governance.

Based on rigorously verified global data sources, the report covers eight core chapters. The Research and Development chapter analyzes the global distribution of AI publications, patents, and notable models, revealing the industry's dominance in model development and academia's continued contribution to high-quality research, while also focusing on the evolution of model scale, cost, energy consumption, and hardware efficiency. The Technical Performance chapter evaluates the performance of AI systems on diverse cutting-edge benchmarks such as language, image, video, speech, coding, mathematics, reasoning, and agents, detailing the rapid improvement in model performance, the narrowing gap between Chinese and U.S. models, the catch-up of open-weight models, and breakthroughs brought by innovations in reasoning paradigms (e.g., test-time computation).

The report delves into the evolution of the responsible AI ecosystem, including the increase in reported AI incidents, the gap between organizational risk perception and mitigation actions, and the growing attention of global policymakers to AI governance principles. The Economics chapter showcases record growth in global private AI investment, the surge in generative AI funding, and the significant increase in AI penetration across various industries. The Science and Medicine chapter focuses on analyzing AI's prominent role in advancing scientific discovery, enhancing clinical knowledge, accelerating drug development, and gaining Nobel Prize recognition.

The Policy and Governance chapter tracks the sharp rise in mentions of AI legislation globally, large-scale national investments in AI infrastructure, and global coordination among AI safety agencies. The Education chapter reveals progress in the global adoption of K-12 computer science education and the persistent digital divide. The Public Opinion chapter depicts the regional divergence in global optimism about AI, declining trust in the ethical behavior of AI companies, and widespread public support for AI regulation.

This report is not only an authoritative compilation of data but also provides profound longitudinal comparisons and contextual analysis, helping readers understand the current state, development trajectory, and future direction of artificial intelligence, serving as an indispensable reference for stakeholders to make more informed decisions.