From Year to Month, Special Inspector General Report on Operation Atlantic Resolve in Ukraine

Key Chapter Title List

1. Executive Summary
2. About the Special Inspector General for Operation Atlantic Resolve
3. Mission Update: U.S. Assistance, Diplomacy, and Security
4. Funding Status: Overview of U.S. Government Funds, Security Assistance Funds, Direct Budget Support
5. Security Assistance: Regional Deterrence, Support for the Ukrainian Armed Forces, Other Security Assistance
6. Development and Humanitarian Assistance
7. Appendix (Including Classified Appendix, Final Reports, Ongoing and Planned Oversight Projects, etc.)

Document Introduction

This report is a quarterly submission to Congress by the Special Inspector General of the U.S. Congress, as mandated by Section 1250B of the Fiscal Year 2024 National Defense Authorization Act and the Inspector General Act (5 U.S.C. 419), concerning Operation Atlantic Resolve and U.S. government activities related to Ukraine, covering the period from January 1 to March 31, 2025. The report aims to comprehensively compile, assess, and oversee U.S. military, economic, and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine, related diplomatic and security operations, and the oversight work of various federal agencies (particularly the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development).

The report first outlines the overall scale of assistance since February 2022: Congress has appropriated or allocated $184.81 billion for related operations, with $34.26 billion still available for use as of the end of the quarter. This quarter saw significant adjustments in U.S. policy. President Trump signed an executive order on January 20, imposing a 90-day pause and comprehensive review of U.S. foreign assistance, leading to the suspension of almost all Ukraine assistance programs funded by the State Department and USAID, although some life-saving humanitarian projects received exemptions. Furthermore, the U.S. announced its withdrawal from international bodies such as the World Health Organization and the International Center for the Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine, altering the delivery channels for some assistance. Regarding military aid, a brief suspension occurred from March 3 to 11, which was later resumed following a meeting between U.S. and Ukrainian delegations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The core analysis of the report focuses on security, diplomacy, and the battlefield situation. On the security front, the central objective of Operation Atlantic Resolve is to deter Russia by enhancing the presence on NATO's eastern flank, providing security assistance, and conducting joint training exercises. The report details the various mechanisms for U.S. military assistance delivery to Ukraine, fund allocation, and "end-use monitoring," noting that Ukraine's defense industry, particularly in the drone sector, has excelled in iterative innovation. Diplomatically, the U.S. actively mediated for a ceasefire but achieved limited success in brokering a comprehensive one, securing only a limited verbal agreement on attacks against energy infrastructure, which both sides soon accused each other of violating. On the battlefield, missile and drone strikes continued to dominate the conflict, with both sides targeting critical energy and defense infrastructure. Both Ukrainian and Russian forces faced severe personnel shortages, with Russian forces suffering heavy casualties, while Ukrainian forces grappled with challenges including casualties, desertion, refusal to fight, and insufficient training.

In the funding and oversight section, the report provides a detailed audit of U.S. assistance funds to Ukraine to date, segmented by agency, program, and category (security, governance and development, humanitarian, institutional operations), and tracks appropriation, obligation, expenditure, and disbursement status. It highlights the work of oversight bodies (the Department of Defense, State Department, USAID Offices of Inspector General, and the Government Accountability Office) in identifying waste, fraud, and abuse, and lists summaries of 25 relevant oversight reports completed this quarter, as well as ongoing and planned oversight projects.

This report is compiled based on data collected from relevant federal agencies, open-source information, and the independent investigations, audits, and evaluations conducted by the various Inspector General offices. It aims to provide Congress and the American public with a high-level, comprehensive assessment of the transparency and accountability of U.S. operations concerning Ukraine.