Russia and the World: Annual Economic and Foreign Policy Forecast

Key Chapter Title List

1. Global Trends: Economic Trends
2. Global Trends: Political Trends
3. Russian Economy: The Persistent Sanctions Environment
4. World Economy: Growth Amid Turbulence
5. World Monetary and Financial System
6. Ecological Issues
7. Forecast for Russia's Major Export Markets
8. Status and Development Forecast of Major Foreign Economies
9. U.S. Foreign Policy
10. European Foreign Policy
11. Middle East and Afghanistan Foreign Policy
12. Post-Soviet Space Foreign Policy

Document Introduction

This report is the twenty-third annual forecast report released by the Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), focusing on the core economic and foreign policy issues for Russia and the world in 2025. Against the backdrop of profound adjustments in the global geopolitical landscape, uneven economic recovery, and the continued effectiveness of sanctions, the report aims to provide authoritative analysis for understanding the key issues facing Russia's short-term (2025) and long-term stable development.

The report has a clear structure, divided into three core sections: Global Trends, Economic Sphere, and Foreign Policy. The Global Trends section systematically outlines the core directions of the world economy and politics for 2024-2025, including key features such as the shift in economic growth drivers, increased geopolitical uncertainty, and the trend of militarization of industry; the Economic section analyzes both the adaptation and challenges of the Russian economy under the sanctions environment, and covers world economic growth trends, changes in the monetary and financial system, progress in ecological policies, and forecasts for Russia's major export markets (agricultural products, oil and gas, metals, forest products, etc.); the Foreign Policy section focuses on key regions such as the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and the post-Soviet space, analyzing the policy directions of major countries and their impact on Russia.

The report's analysis is based on the institute's decades of experience in forecast research. Data sources include authoritative institutions such as the Russian Ministry of Economic Development, the International Monetary Fund, the International Energy Agency, and the World Bank, ensuring the objectivity and credibility of the research. Through multi-dimensional data comparison, regional case analysis, and trend projection, the report comprehensively presents the external challenges posed by changes in the global landscape to Russia, as well as Russia's potential response paths.

For professional audiences such as defense researchers, international relations scholars, and policy analysts, this report not only provides a panoramic view of the global economy and diplomacy in 2025 but also focuses on Russia's strategic situation and choices. It offers in-depth reference for understanding core issues such as great power competition, regional conflicts, and global economic governance. Its original analysis and data support hold significant value for policy formulation, academic research, and strategic decision-making.