Rebalancing Globalization: Perspectives from the Global South

Key Chapter Title List

1. Rebalanced Globalization and the Global South
2. Growth, Employment, Equity, and Social Protection
3. Trade and Supply Chains: New Theories and Trends
4. Climate and Energy Transition: The Role of Finance and Technology
5. Reforming Global Governance Institutions: Amplifying the Voice of the Global South
6. Sustainable Finance and Developing Economies
7. Inclusive Digitalization: Fostering Global South Partnerships

Document Introduction

The phase of globalization from the post-Cold War era to the 2008-2009 global financial crisis has come to an end. The free market and free trade paradigm centered on the "Washington Consensus" is facing dual challenges from both Global South countries and developed nations. While globalization has brought about outcomes such as economic growth and poverty reduction, it has also led to increased inequality between and within countries, widening development gaps, and other issues. Concepts like "de-globalization" and "geo-economic fragmentation" have become central to discussions on the future of the global economy.

Based on the perspective of Global South countries, this report constructs an analytical framework for the rebalancing of globalization. It identifies three core policy objectives (economic growth and quality employment, expanding import/export and investment opportunities, clean energy transition) and three key implementation tools (reform of global institutions, sustainable financing and investment, inclusive digitalization). Each chapter of the report conducts in-depth analysis from different dimensions, covering economic topics such as growth models, trade patterns, and energy transition, as well as the restructuring of institutional and technological aspects like global governance, financial systems, and the digital economy.

Relying on statistical data and research findings from authoritative institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and UNCTAD, and incorporating case studies from multiple countries, the report reveals the unique demands and common concerns of Global South countries in the globalization process. These include issues like inadequate institutional representation, lagging climate finance and technology transfer, and energy and food security. Simultaneously, the report objectively presents the positive outcomes of globalization, such as the significant decline in global poverty rates, increased per capita income, and the diffusion of digital technologies. It emphasizes that rebalancing is not a negation of globalization but rather an effort to build a more sustainable and equitable new form of globalization.

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current geopolitical landscape, economic imbalances, and technological development trends, the report proposes that Global South countries should enhance their voice by strengthening South-South cooperation, promoting regional integration, and participating in global rule-making. At the same time, they should seek a balance between trade openness and domestic industrial development, technology importation and independent innovation, and short-term growth and long-term sustainable development. This provides a path reference with both theoretical value and practical significance for the next phase of globalization.