Energy Law of the People's Republic of China（2024年11月8日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）

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Chapter 1 General Provisions

Chapter 2 Energy Planning

Chapter 3 Energy Development and Utilization

Chapter 4 Energy Market System

Chapter 5 Energy Reserves and Emergencies

Chapter 6 Energy Technology Innovation

Chapter 7 Supervision and Administration

Chapter 8 Legal Liability

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1: In order to promote high-quality development of the energy sector, ensure national energy security, facilitate the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of the economy and society, actively and steadily advance the peak and neutrality of carbon emissions, and meet the needs of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, this law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution.

Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, energy refers to various resources that can be directly obtained or obtained through processing and conversion to yield useful energy, including coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, as well as electricity, heat, hydrogen, and others.

Article 3: Energy work should adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, implement the new development concepts and the overall national security perspective, coordinate development and security, implement the new strategy for energy security that promotes the revolution in energy consumption, energy supply, energy technology, energy system, and comprehensive international cooperation, and persist in relying on domestic resources, diversified security, prioritizing conservation, and green development, accelerating the construction of a new energy system that is clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient.

Article 4: The state adheres to the principles of multi-pronged measures, precise policies, scientific management, and social co-governance, to improve energy conservation policies, strengthen energy conservation management, and comprehensively implement economic, technological, and educational measures to promote the comprehensive reduction of energy consumption throughout the entire process and all sectors of economic and social development, preventing energy waste.

Article 5: The state improves energy development and utilization policies, optimizes the structure of energy supply and consumption, actively promotes the clean and low-carbon development of energy, and enhances energy utilization efficiency.

The state establishes a new mechanism for the comprehensive transition from dual control of total energy consumption and intensity to dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity, accelerating the construction of a system for dual control of total carbon emissions and intensity.

Article 6: The state accelerates the establishment of an energy market system characterized by diverse entities, unified openness, competitive order, effective regulation, and robust oversight, standardizes the energy market order in accordance with the law, and ensures equal protection of the legitimate rights and interests of all market entities.

Article 7: The state improves the energy production, supply, storage, and distribution system, strengthens the energy reserve system and emergency mechanisms, enhances energy supply capabilities, and ensures safe, stable, reliable, and effective energy supply.

Article 8: The state establishes and improves the energy standards system to ensure energy security and the green and low-carbon transition, and to promote the development of new energy technologies, industries, and business models.

Article 9: The state strengthens the construction of energy technology innovation capabilities, supports scientific research, application demonstration, and industrial development in energy exploration and utilization, and provides technological support for high-quality development of energy.

Article 10: The state adheres to the principles of equality, mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, actively promoting international energy cooperation.

Article 11: The people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination in energy work, and promptly study and resolve major issues in energy work.

The people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate energy work into their national economic and social development plans and annual plans.

Article 12: The energy authorities under the State Council are responsible for national energy work. Other relevant departments under the State Council are responsible for energy-related work within their respective areas of responsibility.

The energy departments of local people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for energy affairs within their respective administrative regions. Other relevant departments of local people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for energy-related affairs within their respective administrative regions within the scope of their duties.

Article 13: The people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall adopt various forms to strengthen publicity and education on energy conservation, energy security, and the green and low-carbon development of energy, enhancing the awareness of energy conservation and energy security throughout society, and promoting the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle patterns.

News media should carry out public welfare campaigns to promote energy conservation, energy security, and the green and low-carbon development of energy.

Article 14: Units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the energy sector shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant national regulations.

Chapter 2 Energy Planning

Article 15: The state formulates and improves energy plans, leveraging them to guide, direct, and regulate energy development.

Energy planning includes national comprehensive energy planning, national sector-specific energy planning, regional energy planning, and energy planning for provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Article 16 The National Comprehensive Energy Plan is to be organized and drafted by the energy administration department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. The National Comprehensive Energy Plan should be formulated based on the national economic and social development plan, and coordinated with relevant plans such as the territorial spatial planning.

National energy planning in specific sectors is organized and compiled by the energy authorities under the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, based on the national comprehensive energy plan.

The energy authorities of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council and the people's governments of relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, may formulate regional energy plans that span across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, based on the needs of regional economic and social development, the endowment of energy resources, characteristics of energy production and consumption, and requirements for ecological environmental protection. The regional energy plans should align with the national comprehensive energy plan and be coordinated with relevant national sector-specific energy plans.

Article 17: The energy departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, in collaboration with relevant departments, shall organize the compilation of the energy plans for their respective provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, based on the national comprehensive energy plan, relevant national energy plans for specific sectors, and relevant regional energy plans.

Municipal people's governments at the districted level and county-level people's governments, when required to develop energy plans, shall follow the relevant provisions of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Article 18: When formulating energy plans, one should follow the laws of energy development, adhere to comprehensive consideration, and strengthen scientific evaluation. The departments responsible for organizing the formulation of energy plans should solicit opinions from relevant departments, enterprises, industry organizations, and experts.

Energy planning should clearly outline the objectives, major tasks, regional layout, key projects, and safeguard measures for energy development during the planning period.

Article 19: Energy plans are implemented after being approved according to the stipulated authority and procedures.

Approved energy plans shall be published in accordance with the regulations.

Article 20: The department responsible for organizing the preparation of energy plans shall conduct evaluations on the implementation of the energy plans. If adjustments to the energy plans are necessary based on the evaluation results, they shall be reported to the original approval authority for consent, unless otherwise specified by the state.

Chapter 3 Energy Development and Utilization

Article 21: The state, based on the endowment of energy resources and the needs of sustainable economic and social development, formulates and improves energy development and utilization policies in a classified manner, taking into account factors such as ensuring energy security, optimizing energy structure, promoting energy transition, conserving energy, and protecting the ecological environment.

Article 22: The state supports the priority development and utilization of renewable energy, the rational development and clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, the promotion of the safe, reliable, and orderly substitution of fossil energy by non-fossil energy, and the enhancement of the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption.

The energy administration department under the State Council, in collaboration with other relevant departments under the State Council, formulates the medium and long-term development goals for the utilization of non-fossil energy, monitors the development and utilization of non-fossil energy on an annual basis, and makes the information public.

Article 23: The competent energy department of the State Council, in collaboration with relevant departments of the State Council, shall formulate and organize the implementation of the minimum proportion target for renewable energy in energy consumption.

The state improves the mechanism for ensuring the consumption of renewable energy power. Power supply enterprises, electricity sales enterprises, relevant electricity users, and enterprises using self-owned power plants for power supply shall, in accordance with the relevant national regulations, undertake the responsibility of consuming renewable energy power generation.

The energy authorities under the State Council, in conjunction with other relevant departments under the State Council, shall monitor and assess the implementation of the minimum proportion target for renewable energy in energy consumption and the fulfillment of renewable energy power consumption responsibilities.

Article 24: The state coordinates the development of hydropower and ecological protection, strictly controlling the construction of small hydropower stations.

The development, construction, and renovation of hydropower stations should align with the relevant plans for the river basin, taking into account the needs of flood control, ecology, water supply, irrigation, and navigation.

Article 25: The state promotes the development and utilization of wind and solar energy, adhering to a dual approach of centralized and distributed development, accelerating the construction of wind and photovoltaic power bases, supporting the local development and utilization of distributed wind and photovoltaic power, reasonably and orderly developing offshore wind power, and actively advancing the development of solar thermal power generation.

Article 26 The state encourages the rational development and utilization of biomass energy, and promotes the development of biomass power generation, biomass energy clean heating, bio-liquid fuels, and bio-natural gas in accordance with local conditions.

The state promotes the large-scale development and utilization of ocean energy and develops geothermal energy according to local conditions.

Article 27: The state actively and safely develops nuclear power in an orderly manner.

The energy authority under the State Council, in collaboration with other relevant departments under the State Council, coordinates and oversees the development and layout of nuclear power nationwide, and, in accordance with its responsibilities, strengthens management and supervision over the planning, site selection, design, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants.

Article 28: The state optimizes the layout and industrial structure of coal development, encourages the development of circular economy in coal mining areas, optimizes the coal consumption structure, promotes the clean and efficient utilization of coal, and plays the role of coal as a basic guarantee and system regulation in the energy supply system.

Article 29: The state adopts various measures to intensify the exploration and development of oil and natural gas resources, enhancing the domestic supply security of oil and natural gas.

Oil and gas development adheres to the principle of giving equal emphasis to both onshore and offshore activities, encouraging large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as tight oil and gas, shale oil, shale gas, and coalbed methane.

The state optimizes the layout and structure of the oil processing and conversion industry, encouraging the adoption of advanced and intensive processing and conversion methods.

The state supports the rational development and utilization of new fuels and industrial raw materials that can replace petroleum and natural gas.

Article 30: The state promotes the clean and efficient development of coal-fired power generation, reasonably plans the construction of coal-fired power plants based on the needs of stable operation of the power system and power supply security, and enhances the regulation capacity of coal-fired power generation.

Article 31: The state accelerates the construction of a new type of power system, strengthens the coordinated development of power sources and grids, promotes the intelligent transformation of grid infrastructure and the construction of smart microgrids, and enhances the grid's capacity for accepting, configuring, and regulating renewable energy.

Article 32: The state will rationally plan and actively and orderly develop and construct pumped storage power stations, promote the high-quality development of new energy storage, and leverage the regulatory roles of various energy storage technologies in the power system.

Article 33: The state actively and orderly promotes the development and utilization of hydrogen energy, and promotes the high-quality development of the hydrogen energy industry.

Article 34: The state promotes the improvement of energy utilization efficiency, encourages the development of distributed energy and integrated energy services that combine multiple energy sources and multiple energy supply, actively promotes market-based energy conservation services such as energy performance contracting, and enhances the level of clean, low-carbon, efficient, and intelligent end-use energy consumption.

The state establishes mechanisms to promote green energy consumption through the implementation of systems such as renewable energy green power certificates, encouraging energy users to prioritize the use of clean and low-carbon energy sources like renewable energy.

Public institutions should prioritize the procurement and use of renewable energy and other clean, low-carbon energy sources, as well as energy-saving products and services.

Article 35: Energy enterprises and energy users shall equip and use energy and carbon emission measurement instruments in accordance with the relevant regulations of the state.

Energy users should use energy rationally in accordance with safety usage standards and relevant energy conservation regulations, fulfill their legal obligations to conserve energy, actively participate in energy demand response, expand the consumption of green energy, and consciously practice green and low-carbon production and lifestyles.

The state strengthens energy demand-side management by improving systems such as tiered pricing and time-of-use pricing, guiding energy users to reasonably adjust their energy use methods, times, and quantities, thereby promoting energy conservation and enhancing energy utilization efficiency.

Article 36: Enterprises responsible for the supply of electricity, gas, heating, and other energy resources shall ensure that energy users within their service areas receive safe, continuous, and reliable energy supply services in accordance with laws, regulations, and national provisions. They shall not refuse or interrupt energy supply services without legal or agreed reasons, nor shall they unilaterally raise prices, illegally charge fees, reduce supply quantities, or restrict purchase quantities.

Enterprises as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall publicize service standards, fee schedules, and complaint channels, and provide public inquiry services for energy users.

Article 37: The state strengthens the construction and protection of energy infrastructure. No unit or individual shall engage in activities that endanger the safety of energy infrastructure.

The energy authorities under the State Council, in coordination with relevant departments under the State Council, shall oversee the construction of energy infrastructure such as oil, natural gas, and electricity transmission networks that cross provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government shall, in accordance with energy plans, reserve land and sea areas for energy infrastructure construction and incorporate them into the national land space planning.

Petroleum, natural gas, electricity, and other energy transmission pipeline network facility operators shall enhance the operational safety level of energy transmission pipelines to ensure the safe operation of the energy transmission pipeline systems. Facilities, equipment, and products connected to the energy transmission pipelines must meet the requirements for safe operation of the pipeline systems.

Article 38: The state encourages and supports the development of rural energy in accordance with the principles of urban-rural integration, localized adaptation, complementary energy sources, comprehensive utilization, and service enhancement. It prioritizes support for the development of rural energy in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic regions, border areas, and less developed regions, aiming to improve the rural energy supply capacity and service levels.

Local people's governments at or above the county level should coordinate the construction of urban and rural energy infrastructure and public service systems, and promote the interconnection of urban and rural energy infrastructure.

When temporary energy supply shortages occur in rural areas, the local people's governments concerned shall take measures to prioritize the energy supply for rural living needs and agricultural production.

Article 39: Activities related to energy development and utilization shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations on ecological environmental protection, work safety, and occupational disease prevention. Efforts should be made to reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, prevent ecological environmental damage, and prevent and reduce production safety accidents and occupational hazards.

Chapter 4 Energy Market System

Article 40: The state encourages and guides various business entities to invest in energy development and utilization, energy infrastructure construction, etc., in accordance with the law, to promote the development of the energy market.

Article 41: The state promotes the independent operation of natural monopoly segments and the market-oriented reform of competitive segments in the energy sector. It strengthens regulation and control over natural monopoly businesses in the energy sector in accordance with the law, and supports various operators to participate fairly in competitive energy businesses according to market rules and legal provisions.

Article 42: The competent energy department of the State Council, in collaboration with other relevant departments of the State Council, shall coordinate and promote the construction of a unified national energy trading market for coal, electricity, oil, natural gas, and other energy resources. Efforts shall be made to establish market trading institutions or platforms that are well-functioning and operate in a standardized manner. The scope of trading methods and products shall be expanded legally, and the trading mechanisms and rules shall be improved.

Article 43: The people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall strengthen overall coordination and organization to ensure the smooth transportation of energy.

Energy transmission network facility operators should improve mechanisms for fair access and usage, publicly disclose information on the access and transmission capacity of energy transmission network facilities and their operational status in accordance with regulations, and provide energy transmission services to enterprises and other business entities that meet the criteria in a fair and non-discriminatory manner.

Article 44: The state encourages upstream and downstream enterprises in the energy sector to strengthen cooperation and coordinated development through long-term agreements and other means, in accordance with the law and through market-oriented approaches, to enhance the risk response capabilities of the energy market.

The state collaborates to promote high-quality development in energy resource exploration, design and construction, equipment manufacturing, project financing, circulation and trade, information services, and other areas, enhancing the comprehensive service support capabilities across the entire upstream and downstream chain in the energy sector.

Article 45: The state promotes the establishment of an energy price formation mechanism that is compatible with the socialist market economy system, primarily determined by factors such as energy resource conditions, product and service costs, market supply and demand conditions, and sustainable development conditions.

Energy prices subject to government pricing or government guidance pricing shall be determined based on the pricing authority and specific application scope as stipulated in the central and local pricing catalogs. The formulation and adjustment of energy prices subject to government pricing or government guidance pricing shall comply with laws and administrative regulations such as the "Price Law of the People's Republic of China" and relevant national regulations. Energy enterprises shall provide relevant data on price costs in a timely, truthful, and accurate manner as required.

The state improves the energy price adjustment control system, enhances the effectiveness of energy price regulation, and establishes mechanisms to prevent and respond to abnormal fluctuations in energy market prices.

Article 46: The state actively promotes international investment and trade cooperation in the energy sector, effectively preventing and responding to risks in the international energy market.

Chapter 5 Energy Reserves and Emergencies

Article 47: The state establishes and improves an efficient and coordinated energy reserve system based on the principles of government leadership, social co-construction, and diverse complementation. It scientifically and reasonably determines the types, scale, and methods of energy reserves, and leverages the strategic security, macroeconomic regulation, and emergency response functions of energy reserves.

Article 48: Energy reserves are implemented through a combination of government reserves and corporate reserves, integrating physical reserves, capacity reserves, and mineral resource reserves.

Government reserves include central government reserves and local government reserves, while corporate reserves include corporate social responsibility reserves and other production and inventory reserves of enterprises.

The acquisition, rotation, and use of energy reserves shall be conducted in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant state provisions.

The state improves the market regulation mechanism for government reserves and takes effective measures to address risks such as significant market fluctuations.

Article 49: Government reserve storage and operation institutions shall establish and improve internal management systems in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant state provisions, strengthen reserve management, and ensure the safety of government reserves.

Corporate Social Responsibility Reserves are established based on the principles of corporate ownership, policy guidance, and effective regulation. Energy enterprises undertaking social responsibility reserves shall fulfill their reserve responsibilities in accordance with the specified types and quantities, and accept supervision and management from relevant government authorities.

The specific measures for energy production capacity reserves shall be formulated by the energy authorities of the State Council in conjunction with the finance authorities of the State Council and other relevant departments.

The specific measures for the reserve of energy and mineral resources shall be formulated by the competent department of natural resources under the State Council in conjunction with the competent department of energy, the department of finance, and other relevant departments under the State Council.

Article 50: The state improves the regulatory system for energy reserves, accelerates the construction of energy storage facilities, enhances the professional level of energy reserve operators, strengthens the construction of energy reserve information systems, and continuously improves the overall efficiency of energy reserves.

Article 51: The state establishes and improves the energy forecasting and early warning system, enhances the capabilities and levels of energy forecasting and early warning, and promptly and effectively conducts forecasting and early warning on changes in energy supply and demand, fluctuations in energy prices, and the status of energy security risks.

Energy forecast and early warning information is released by the energy authorities under the State Council.

Article 52: The state establishes an energy emergency management system characterized by unified leadership, hierarchical responsibility, and coordinated linkage.

Local governments at or above the county level should take effective measures to strengthen the construction of energy emergency systems, regularly conduct energy emergency drills and training, and enhance energy emergency capabilities.

Article 53: The energy administration department of the State Council, in conjunction with other relevant departments of the State Council, formulates the national energy emergency plan, which is submitted to the State Council for approval and subsequently implemented.

The energy authorities under the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments under the State Council, strengthen guidance and coordination on energy emergency management across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate energy emergency plans for their respective administrative regions based on the actual conditions of those regions.

The formulation of energy emergency plans by municipal and county-level people's governments in districts is determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Large-scale energy enterprises and energy-consuming entities shall, in accordance with the national regulations, prepare their own energy emergency plans.

Article 54: In the event of a severe shortage of energy supply, supply disruption, or other energy emergency situations, the relevant people's governments shall promptly initiate emergency response in accordance with their authority, and may, based on actual circumstances and needs, lawfully take the following emergency measures:

(1) Release information related to energy supply and demand;

(II) Implement emergency dispatch or direct organization of energy production, transportation, and supply;

(III) Requisition of energy-related products, energy reserve facilities, transportation means, and other materials essential for ensuring energy supply;

(IV) Implement price intervention measures and price emergency measures;

(V) Organize the release of energy reserves in accordance with regulations;

(VI) Organize and implement energy supply in accordance with the order of energy supply security;

(VII) Other necessary measures.

After the elimination of the energy emergency state, the relevant people's governments shall promptly terminate the implementation of emergency response measures.

Article 55: When an energy emergency situation as stipulated in Article 54 of this Law occurs, energy enterprises, energy users, and other relevant entities and individuals shall comply with the unified command and arrangements of the relevant people's governments, fulfill their respective energy emergency obligations as required, cooperate in implementing emergency response measures, and assist in maintaining order in the energy market.

Where losses are incurred by relevant units or individuals as a result of implementing energy emergency response measures, the relevant people's governments shall provide compensation in accordance with the law.

Chapter 6 Energy Technology Innovation

Article 56: The state formulates policies and measures to encourage and support energy technology innovation, promoting the establishment of an energy technology innovation system led by national strategic scientific and technological forces, with enterprises as the main body, market orientation, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research.

Article 57: The state encourages and supports the exploration and development of energy resources, the clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuels, the development and utilization of renewable energy, the safe utilization of nuclear energy, the development and utilization of hydrogen energy, as well as the research, development, demonstration, promotion, application, and industrialization of fundamental, key, and cutting-edge technologies, equipment, and related new materials in the fields of energy storage and energy conservation.

Energy technology innovation should be included as a key support area in the national science and technology development and high-tech industry development related plans.

Article 58: The state formulates and improves policies in industries, finance, government procurement, etc., to encourage and guide social funds to invest in energy technology innovation.

Article 59: The state establishes major energy technology innovation platforms, supports the construction of major energy technology infrastructure and public service platforms for energy technology research and development, testing, inspection, certification, etc., to enhance the innovation capabilities and service capabilities of energy technology.

Article 60: The state supports concentrated scientific and technological research and integrated application demonstration based on major energy projects, promoting collaborative innovation among industry, academia, and research, as well as the upstream and downstream industrial chains and supply chains in the energy sector.

Article 61: The state supports the application of advanced information technology in the energy sector, promotes the digital and intelligent development of energy production and supply, as well as the synergistic conversion and integrated complementation of various energy sources.

Article 62: The state intensifies efforts in cultivating professional talents in energy technology, encouraging and supporting educational institutions, research institutions, and enterprises to collaborate in nurturing high-quality professionals in energy technology.

Chapter 7 Supervision and Administration

Article 63: The energy departments and other relevant departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective duties, strengthen supervision and inspection of energy-related work, and promptly investigate and deal with illegal activities.

Article 64: Energy departments and other relevant authorities at or above the county level shall perform their supervisory inspection duties in accordance with their respective responsibilities and may take the following measures:

(1) Conduct on-site inspections at energy enterprises, dispatching agencies, energy market trading institutions, energy users, and other relevant units.

(2) Inquire with personnel related to the inspection matters and request them to provide explanations regarding the relevant matters;

(3) Consult, copy, and inspect documents, materials, and electronic data related to the inspection matters;

(IV) Other measures stipulated by laws and regulations.

For the supervision and inspection conducted by the energy regulatory authorities and other relevant departments in accordance with the law, the inspected units and their relevant personnel shall cooperate and must not refuse or obstruct.

The energy regulatory authority and other relevant departments and their staff members are obligated to keep confidential the state secrets, commercial secrets, personal privacy, and personal information they come to know during the course of supervision and inspection, in accordance with the law.

Article 65: The energy departments and other relevant departments at or above the county level shall strengthen the coordination of energy regulation, enhance regulatory efficiency, and may establish energy regulatory information systems as needed for their work.

Relevant units shall report relevant information to the energy authorities and other relevant departments in accordance with the regulations.

Article 66: The energy department under the State Council, in collaboration with other relevant departments under the State Council, shall strengthen the construction of the credit system in the energy sector and establish a credit record system in accordance with the relevant national regulations.

Article 67: Disputes arising from the access and use of energy transmission and distribution network facilities may be mediated by the energy authorities of the people's governments at or above the provincial level. If mediation fails, the parties may file a lawsuit with the people's court; the parties may also directly file a lawsuit with the people's court.

Article 68: Any entity or individual has the right to report to the energy authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level or other relevant departments any actions that violate this law and other laws and regulations related to energy. The department receiving the report shall handle it in a timely and lawful manner.

Chapter 8 Legal Liability

Article 69: If the staff of the energy departments or other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level violate the provisions of this law, abuse their powers, neglect their duties, or engage in malpractices for personal gain, they shall be given disciplinary sanctions according to law.

Article 70: Enterprises providing energy supply services such as electricity, gas, and heating that violate the provisions of this law by refusing or interrupting energy supply services to energy users within their business area without legal or agreed reasons, or by unilaterally raising prices, illegally collecting fees, reducing supply quantities, or restricting purchase quantities, shall be ordered to correct their actions by the energy authorities or other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level according to their respective duties, and shall be subject to administrative penalties in accordance with the law. In cases of serious circumstances, the relevant responsible persons and direct responsible personnel shall be subject to disciplinary sanctions in accordance with the law.

Article 71: Where an energy transmission network facility operator violates the provisions of this law by failing to provide fair and non-discriminatory access and energy transmission services to enterprises and other business entities that meet the conditions, the energy administration department of the people's government at or above the provincial level or other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective duties, order corrective action, issue a warning or a public criticism; if the operator refuses to correct the violation, a fine of up to twice the economic loss of the relevant business entity shall be imposed; in serious cases, disciplinary action shall be taken against the relevant responsible personnel and direct responsible individuals in accordance with the law.

Article 72: Any violation of the provisions of this law that falls under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered to rectify by the energy authorities or other relevant departments of the people's governments at or above the county level in accordance with their respective duties, with a warning or a public criticism; if rectification is refused, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed:

(1) Enterprises providing energy supply such as electricity, gas, and heating that fail to publicize service standards, fee standards, and complaint channels, or do not provide public query services for energy users;

(2) Energy transmission network facility operators fail to disclose information on the access and transmission capacity of energy transmission network facilities and their operational status as required.

(3) Energy enterprises fail to provide relevant data on price and cost as required.

(4) Relevant units fail to report relevant information to the energy regulatory authority or other relevant departments as required.

Article 73: Any energy enterprise, energy user, or other relevant entity or individual that violates the provisions of this law by failing to comply with the unified command and arrangements of the relevant people's government, not fulfilling their energy emergency obligations as required, or refusing to cooperate in emergency response measures during an energy emergency, shall be ordered to correct their actions by the energy administration department of the people's government at or above the county level or other relevant departments according to their respective duties, and may be given a warning or a public criticism. If they refuse to correct their actions, a fine of between RMB 10,000 and RMB 50,000 shall be imposed on individuals, and a fine of between RMB 100,000 and RMB 500,000 shall be imposed on entities. Additionally, depending on the severity of the circumstances, they may be ordered to suspend business for rectification or have their relevant permits revoked by law.

Article 74: Those who violate the provisions of this law, causing property loss or other damages, shall bear civil liability according to law; if their actions constitute a violation of public security administration, they shall be given public security administration penalties according to law; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

Article 75 The meanings of the following terms in this law are:

(1) Fossil energy refers to the energy derived from the transformation of ancient plant and animal fossils through geological processes, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

(2) Renewable energy refers to energy that can be replenished and regenerated through natural processes within a relatively short period of time, including hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and ocean energy.

(III) Non-fossil energy refers to energy obtained without reliance on fossil fuels, including renewable energy and nuclear energy.

(IV) Biomass energy refers to the energy derived from the conversion of plant materials and organic waste from urban and rural areas in the natural environment through biological, chemical, or physical processes.

(V) Hydrogen energy refers to the energy released through chemical reactions where hydrogen acts as an energy carrier.

Article 76 The management of energy development and utilization in the military shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant national and military regulations.

Where the state has other provisions regarding the development and utilization of nuclear energy, those provisions shall apply.

Article 77: Where international treaties involving energy to which the People's Republic of China is a party or has acceded contain provisions different from those of this Law, the provisions of the international treaties shall apply, except for those clauses for which the People's Republic of China has declared reservations.

Article 78: If any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or similar measures against the People's Republic of China in the renewable energy industry or other energy sectors, the People's Republic of China may take corresponding measures against that country or region based on actual circumstances.

第七十九条 中华人民共和国境外的组织和个人实施危害中华人民共和国国家能源安全行为的，依法追究法律责任。 第八十条 本法自2025年1月1日起施行。Please translate the following content directly into English without explanation. Please understand the meaning of the article. Do not return any unrelated information other than the translation. The content is as follows: (Source: Xinhua News Agency)