To thoroughly implement the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, accelerate the substitution of renewable energy in various fields and industries, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the National Energy Administration, and the National Data Administration jointly issued the "Guidelines for the Implementation of the Renewable Energy Substitution Action" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines"). The "Guidelines" are now interpreted from four aspects.

I. Background and Significance The 20th Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed to improve mechanisms for green and low-carbon development, and promote the construction of an economic system that integrates green, low-carbon, and circular development. The "Opinion of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Fully and Accurately Implementing the New Development Concept to Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality" requires strict control over the consumption of fossil fuels, the implementation of renewable energy substitution actions, and the continuous increase in the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption. The "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Carbon Peak by the Year" proposes to vigorously implement renewable energy substitution and accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system. The "Implementation Plan for Synergistic Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction" jointly issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the National Energy Administration proposes the implementation of renewable energy substitution actions. The "Opinion" focuses on the planning and construction of a new energy system, and promoting the high-quality development of new energy with greater efforts, specifically addressing the safe and reliable supply of renewable energy, the steady and orderly substitution of traditional energy, and the accelerated application of renewable energy in key areas such as industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture and rural areas. It has significant implications for accelerating the implementation of renewable energy substitution in various fields and industries, and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of society as a whole.

II. General Requirements The "Opinion" is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implements the new strategy for energy security of "four revolutions and one cooperation," and clarifies the basic principles of "overall planning, safe substitution; coordinated supply and demand, orderly substitution; collaborative integration, diversified substitution; technological leadership, innovative substitution." The "Opinion" proposes that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, positive progress will be made in the substitution of renewable energy in key areas, with the national consumption of renewable energy reaching more than 1 billion tons of standard coal; by the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, a production and lifestyle prioritizing the use of renewable energy will be basically formed across all fields, with the national consumption of renewable energy reaching more than 1 billion tons of standard coal, effectively supporting the achievement of the carbon peak target by 2030.

III. Key Tasks The "Opinion" outlines key tasks in three areas: enhancing the safe and reliable substitution capacity of renewable energy, promoting substitution applications in key sectors, and piloting innovative substitution initiatives.

One is to focus on enhancing the safe and reliable substitution capabilities of renewable energy. The "Opinion" proposes to comprehensively enhance the supply capacity of renewable energy, accelerate the construction of large-scale bases and the development and utilization of distributed energy sources nearby, promote the application of grid-forming technologies, and develop green fuels, renewable energy-based hydrogen production, and integrated heating systems. In promoting the large-scale transmission and consumption utilization of renewable energy, the "Opinion" proposes to accelerate the construction of supporting infrastructure, promote the coordinated development of the grid and energy sources, optimize power dispatch control, and strengthen the construction and upgrading of infrastructure such as heating, gas pipelines, and hydrogen supply networks. In strengthening supply-demand interaction, the "Opinion" proposes to deeply tap the regulatory potential of demand-side resources, and strengthen power demand-side management in key areas such as industry, buildings, and transportation. In developing flexible resources, the "Opinion" proposes to diversify the regulation capabilities of the power system, enhance the application of flexible power sources, pumped storage, and new energy storage, and promote long-duration thermal storage power generation, heat-electric coupling, and medium-high temperature heat utilization.

Second, accelerate the substitution and application of renewable energy in key areas. In the industrial sector, the "Opinion" proposes to synergistically promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial energy use, guide the orderly transfer of industries to regions rich in renewable energy and with sustainable resources and environment, strengthen the integrated development of the industrial sector with renewable energy, promote the construction and application of industrial green microgrids, and expand the utilization of renewable energy for medium and low-temperature heat. It also explores the construction of integrated bases for wind, solar, hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol. In the transportation sector, the "Opinion" suggests accelerating the integration and interaction between transportation and renewable energy, constructing renewable energy corridors for transportation, advancing the construction of multifunctional integrated stations for photovoltaic, energy storage, charging, and discharging, exploring the development of electrified highways, encouraging the application of electric vessels and aircraft, and promoting the use of sustainable aviation fuels and vehicle fuels. In the building sector, the "Opinion" calls for deepening the integrated application of renewable energy in buildings, incorporating the priority use of renewable energy into the planning, construction, updating, and renovation of urban areas, promoting the installation of photovoltaic systems in existing buildings and ensuring new factories and public buildings install photovoltaic systems wherever possible, and advancing the comprehensive electrification of new public buildings, with localized promotion of renewable energy for heating and cooling. To promote renewable energy in rural revitalization and green development, the "Opinion" proposes comprehensive support for the clean and modern energy use in rural areas, actively developing decentralized wind power and distributed photovoltaic power, accelerating the upgrading of rural energy infrastructure, and promoting renewable energy heating to replace scattered coal combustion. To promote the application of renewable energy in emerging fields such as data, the "Opinion" suggests coordinating the development and utilization of new infrastructure and renewable energy, promoting the integration of base stations, data centers, supercomputing centers, and photovoltaics, heat pumps, and energy storage, supporting the development of green power direct supply and source-grid-load-storage integrated projects for new infrastructure, increasing the proportion of new energy power consumption in strategic projects such as "East Data West Calculation," and orderly carrying out green technology upgrades for old base stations and "old, small, scattered" data centers, while gradually increasing the proportion of renewable energy use in new data centers.

The third is to actively promote pilot innovation in the substitution of renewable energy. In response to new technologies, the "Opinion" proposes accelerating pilot applications, carrying out pilot projects such as deep-sea floating offshore wind power, green direct power supply, hydrogen metallurgy, and hydrogen-based chemical technology applications, and supporting pilot projects for high-proportion new energy generation, supply, and use in parks, enterprises, and large public buildings. In response to new business models, the "Opinion" proposes promoting integrated innovation in business models, advancing cross-industry integration of industries such as industry, transportation, construction, agriculture, and forestry with renewable energy, supporting the growth of new business entities such as digital energy, virtual power plants, and rural energy cooperatives, and encouraging the innovation of business models for the multi-variety, multi-sector, and multi-form substitution of renewable energy.

IV. Safeguard Measures 1. Strengthen laws, regulations, and standards, clarifying the rights, obligations, and legal responsibilities of various entities in the development and utilization of renewable energy, and integrating renewable energy substitution into the green and low-carbon development standards and norms of various fields. 2. Improve the green energy consumption mechanism, using green certificates as the basis for accounting renewable energy power consumption, enhancing the effective connection between green certificates and energy conservation and carbon reduction policies, and implementing consumption responsibilities to key energy-using units. 3. Implement science, technology, finance, and fiscal support policies, supporting the research and pilot application of key technologies for renewable energy substitution, and providing long-term and stable financing support in accordance with market-oriented and rule-of-law principles. 4. Strengthen market mechanisms and pricing mechanisms, establishing and improving the market trading mechanism for renewable energy power, and establishing sound market mechanisms for renewable energy heating, biogas, and clean and low-carbon hydrogen. 5. Deepen and promote international cooperation, advancing international cooperation in the research and development of advanced technology and equipment for renewable energy applications in key fields such as industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture and rural areas, and promoting the internationalization of green certificates. 6. Strengthen public education and guidance, mobilizing the public to participate in renewable energy substitution initiatives, and promoting the practice and promotion of green lifestyles among residents.