Research on security simulation training for major events based on A-based

Bao Ziteng

Abstract: In recent years, China has organized and hosted many major events, such as the Beijing Winter Olympics, the Hangzhou Asian Games, and the Centennial Celebration of the Communist Party of China. These events are high-level, extensive in scope, large in scale, long in duration, and strict in requirements, making them difficult to organize and posing significant security pressures. They not only test a country's economic strength but also its government's governance and management capabilities. Therefore, the Party, the state, and governments at all levels place great emphasis on the security tasks for various major events held within the country.

With the increasing frequency and complexity of major events, security work faces greater challenges. To enhance the response capabilities and practical skills of security personnel, training has been introduced as a new method. This paper aims to explore a training approach for major event security by proposing a scenario construction theory combined with virtual reality technology.

Keywords: Major Events | Security Training | Technology

I. Exploration of the Situation-Constructivist Theory

The Concept of Situated-Constructivist Theory

Situation-Construction Theory refers to the process by which individuals, when faced with a certain situation or event, construct a psychological scenario based on their experiences, knowledge, cultural background, and other factors, thereby influencing their thoughts, emotions, and behavioral responses. This scenario construction not only includes objective facts but also subjective interpretations and feelings about these facts. In the Situation-Construction Theory, it is believed that human behavior is influenced not only by objective environmental factors but also by subjective psychological factors. The theory further introduces the concept of "constructivism," suggesting that people understand and interpret situations by constructing their own cognitive frameworks and cultural patterns. These cognitive frameworks and cultural patterns are shaped by personal past experiences, cultural background, and social environment, and they significantly impact people's behavior and thinking.

In major event security training, the traditional base-oriented exercise method fails to realistically recreate actual scenarios, making it difficult for security personnel to fully experience the atmosphere of major events, thereby having a limited impact on their behavior and thinking. However, applying the scenario-construction theory can simulate authentic on-site situations and guide security personnel in recognizing and interpreting these scenarios during training. Secondly, the scenario-construction theory introduces the concept of "constructivism," which posits that people understand and interpret situations by constructing their own cognitive frameworks and cultural patterns. In major event security training, training models and scenarios can be established based on the security personnel's experiences and cultural backgrounds to help them better understand and respond. Finally, through scenario construction in major event security training, various possible situations and response plans can be simulated. This training approach can help security personnel better handle different situations and challenges, allowing them to respond more calmly and effectively at real major event sites.

The Integration of Situation-Construction Theory and Virtual Reality Technology

The scenario-construction theory can address the shortcomings of traditional theories in textbook, audio-visual, and field training, thereby enhancing the learning efficiency and knowledge absorption rate of trainees, strengthening the learning outcomes, and fostering their interest. This theory posits that the cognitive and understanding processes of individuals are dynamic and subjective. When an individual is immersed in a constructed scenario, their attention becomes highly focused, making them more sensitive to the information conveyed within the scenario, which significantly improves reception and learning efficiency. Moreover, after stepping out of the scenario, a sense of "immersion" is generated, which prolongs the brain's retention of the information acquired within the scenario. However, traditional scenario construction, which merely arranges scenes from the physical environment, is not only costly but also fails to meet the requirements of scenario training, thus unable to create a sense of scenario immersion. Virtual reality technology, on the other hand, can easily compensate for these shortcomings.

Virtual reality technology was initially translated as "spiritual realm technology" or "virtual technology" in China. It is a combination of computer technology (including software and hardware technology), communication technology, remote sensing technology, artificial intelligence, integrated technology, robotics technology, behavioral science, and psychology technology. It is the result of rapid scientific and technological development. Through these three-dimensional experience technologies, the most authentic simulation effects can be achieved, such as human feedback experiences through three-dimensional interaction technology, and predicting the development of scenarios through three-dimensional calculation technology.

Combining the "Situation-Construction Theory" with virtual reality technology, constructing immersive scenario experiences. This approach utilizes virtual technology to create a realistic environment, allowing security personnel to enter virtual scenarios and interact with the virtual environment through devices like head-mounted displays. Within the virtual environment, security personnel can perform various operations and practices, such as operating machinery and conducting dialogues, significantly enhancing their situational experiences during training and improving their reception and utilization of situational information.

Situation-Construction Theory and Virtual Reality Technology in the Application of Security Training for Major Events

Security training is a crucial component of security work, serving as a vital means to enhance the practical capabilities of security personnel and ensure the safety of people's lives and property. Presently, security training faces the following realities:

Training methods are single. Traditional security training primarily employs theoretical lectures and simulated drills, lacking authenticity and interest, making it difficult to stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of security personnel.

Insufficient training venues. Due to urbanization and land use restrictions, many areas lack suitable venues and facilities for security training, making it difficult to conduct realistic large-scale event simulation training.

The training level is not high. The quality of security training varies, with some areas having lower training levels, and there is a need to improve the actual combat capabilities and emergency response capabilities of security personnel.

()Training content is not comprehensive. Traditional security training lacks exercises on emerging issues, making it difficult to adapt to the current social development needs.

To address these issues, a variety of measures need to be employed to improve security training. Applying the scenario-construction theory in conjunction with virtual reality technology to security training, using theory to provide a foundation and leveraging virtual reality technology to create authentic security training scenarios, such as water activities training scenarios and important meeting training scenarios, allows trainees to practice in simulated environments, thereby better experiencing the real situations of major events.

Additionally, by applying virtual reality technology in conjunction with the scenario-construction theory, it is possible to simulate various emergency situations in major events, such as power outages, stampedes, explosions, etc., allowing trainees to experience these scenarios firsthand, stimulating memory reinforcement, better absorbing and understanding training skills and techniques, enhancing situational teaching, and improving training efficiency.

II. Scenario Construction and Simulation Based on Major Event Security Training

Current Status of Security Training for Major Events

Major events are not only grand occasions at the national level but also windows through which the nation showcases its strength and image to the world. In these high-level events, the participation of leaders of the Party and the state, foreign heads of state, and distinguished guests elevates the level and influence of the activities to their peak. To ensure the safe and smooth conduct of these major events, comprehensive and meticulous security measures must be implemented, which is the core task of major event security. Given that major events often involve multiple locations, extensive areas, long-distance routes, a large number of participants, numerous vehicles, and strong openness, this makes security work exceptionally complex and arduous. In this context, security training for major events becomes particularly important. It not only effectively enhances the emergency response capabilities of frontline security teams but also serves as an important way to continuously optimize and improve overall security strategies. Currently, the use of single traditional major event security training has the following disadvantages:

The traditional base-based training incurs high costs. The substantial security training for major events consumes significant manpower and resources, demanding considerable funding; each training session involves excessive time spent on preparing and organizing equipment, resulting in low actual training efficiency.

During traditional training, it is difficult to simulate sudden special scenarios. In real security situations, circumstances are constantly changing, and emergencies and unexpected events can occur at any time. Traditional training methods are relatively simple and rigid, making it hard to reflect the various unexpected situations in actual security work, and unable to train security personnel in their ability to handle emergencies.

Traditional training methods are single in nature, and the training content lacks strong specificity. Major event security involves a wide range of areas, including security prevention, emergency response, intelligence information, and more. However, in practical training, there may be issues with the specificity of the training content. Additionally, traditional training methods, such as theoretical lectures and case analysis, although they can enhance the professional quality of security personnel to some extent, lack practicality and interactivity. This may result in security personnel lacking a sense of participation and interest during training, affecting the effectiveness of the training.

Situation-Construction Theory and Techniques: Advantages in Security Training for Major Events

() The experience is highly realistic. By leveraging advanced technologies and virtual reality, various real-life security scenarios for major events can be simulated, such as security checks, bomb disposal, public opinion guidance, and information collection. This allows trainees to practice their operations in a virtual environment.

() High interactivity and engagement. Traditional training methods can lead to trainer fatigue, and conducting large-scale training cannot effectively involve all personnel. Utilizing technology can easily address this challenge, allowing participating users to communicate and interact in a virtual environment, enhancing the training effect.

() Low cost, high efficiency. Traditional training models have extremely high consumption of venues and costs. Utilizing virtual simulation technology reduces the need for physical space and allows for large-scale use, with low training costs and no need for actual implementation, significantly saving time and effort in setup.

() Safe and convenient, easy to set up. Using traditional methods, conducting security drills on-site can easily lead to injuries to personnel and damage to equipment if not handled properly, and in severe cases, it can leave psychological scars on the trainees. By utilizing virtual simulation technology, training scenarios can be easily set up indoors, with security facilities and accident situations all being configured. This not only makes the setup quick and convenient but also significantly reduces the possibility of danger and harm during the training process.

Construction of Security Scenarios for Major Events

The scenario envisioned in this article is designed for venues hosting major events, such as squares, courtyards, halls, and pavilions. It takes the site of major events as the background and aims to conduct simulation training for security personnel. The scenario construction includes elements such as evacuation routes and security screening equipment, simulating real security situations and creating an immersive experience for participants. This scenario will utilize virtual reality technology to provide participants with realistic visual and auditory experiences.

Design of the Training Module for Situation Handling in Security Scenarios for Major Events

The overall design of the training module.

The research on simulation training for major event security is based on the constructed scenario, simulating the real situation of security at major event venues. Given the variety of event venues, this paper focuses on enabling trainees to master the basic security skills at major event venues. Based on the constructivist theory, four sub-modules have been established, including the venue personnel control module, fire hazard inspection module, security screening learning module, and on-site first aid module. As shown in the figure.

Security Screening Learning Module

At major event venues, the importance of security checks is self-evident. It is not only a core component of public security work deployment but also holds a primary position in the overall deployment, playing a vanguard role. Security checks include personnel security and explosive ordnance security. Personnel security primarily involves inspecting individuals entering major event venues and their belongings, not only for explosives but also for other dangerous items that may be deliberately hidden or carried on the person. Inspection equipment includes handheld metal detectors, X-ray machines, and more. Explosive ordnance security targets include personnel, venues, and items, primarily focusing on explosive materials. Inspection equipment includes explosive detectors, electronic listening devices, and non-linear junction detectors.

Therefore, the module envisioned in this article utilizes virtual simulation technology to simulate the security check scenarios at major event venues, allowing security personnel to learn the theoretical knowledge related to security inspection equipment and practice simulated operations in virtual situations, thereby familiarizing themselves with the security inspection workflow and the usage methods of the equipment.

Fire Hazard Inspection Module

The implementation of major events usually involves extremely complex processes, as well as the allocation and use of various facilities and resources. Due to the significant operational pressure, the risks associated with major events increase, such as equipment overload and prominent fire hazards. Security personnel must have a strong awareness of fire safety and enhance the intensity of fire hazard inspections.

This module aims to simulate the internal scenarios of major event venues, allowing security personnel to conduct inspections of fire safety facilities and fire exits at the event site according to instructions. The focus is on checking the functionality of fire safety equipment, such as fire hydrants, automatic sprinkler systems, smoke detectors, etc., for any malfunctions, ensuring that fire exits are not blocked or occupied, and identifying any other potential fire safety risks within the venue, such as electrical hazards or cigarette butts.

On-site Personnel Control Module

It is well known that major events often involve the participation of many people, such as summits, the Beijing Winter Olympics, and the Hangzhou Asian Games. The presence of these individuals makes the event site complex. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to control the on-site personnel. This not only relates to the smooth progress of the event but also involves the safety of participants and the order and stability of the entire event.

For the on-site personnel control module, this thesis envisions utilizing virtual reality technology to divide it into three parts, allowing security personnel to undergo simulated training. It includes management of personnel entering and exiting the event site, maintenance of on-site event order, and emergency evacuation and evacuation. The management of personnel entering the event site primarily involves checking entry credentials and controlling the flow of people; maintaining on-site order simulates real event scenarios, teaching security personnel how to set up barricades, warning signs, and conduct patrols and monitoring; emergency evacuation and evacuation focuses on cultivating the emergency response capabilities of security personnel, instructing them on how to control the scene and organize the evacuation of the crowd in the event of special circumstances.

On-site First Aid Module

In large-scale events or gatherings, where large crowds and complex environments are common, various emergencies such as accidental injuries, sudden illnesses, or urgent medical incidents may occur at any time. Under such circumstances, swift and effective on-site first aid measures are crucial for ensuring the safety of personnel, minimizing losses, and stabilizing the scene.

The on-site first aid module designed in this article primarily covers three aspects: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, wound hemostasis and bandaging, and trauma first aid. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation section teaches correct CPR techniques, including assessing consciousness, calling for help, placing the patient in a safe position, performing chest compressions, and administering artificial respiration. Additionally, security personnel need to understand the use and precautions of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). Wound hemostasis and bandaging involves teaching how to identify types of bleeding and implement appropriate hemostatic measures, including direct pressure hemostasis, pressure bandaging, and tourniquet application. The final trauma first aid teaches security personnel how to manage various trauma situations, such as cleaning wounds, bandaging wounds, and immobilizing fractures.

III. Summary and Outlook

Summary

This article employs the Situation-Construction Theory to envision and construct a simulation training platform for major event security, summarizing as follows:

() introduces the Situation-Construction Theory. This paper, based on the Situation-Construction Theory, combines it with virtual reality technology to construct realistic scenarios, thereby comprehensively enhancing the learning efficiency and effectiveness of training users.

() designed the major event security training modules. This article, with major events as the background, designed four modules, including the security check learning module, on-site first aid module, on-site personnel control module, and fire hazard inspection module, and provided detailed descriptions of these modules.

Outlook

This article explores the feasibility of applying virtual simulation technology to major event security training by discussing technology and traditional security training methods. Based on the scenario-construction theory, four sub-modules are designed for security personnel to train. The scenario-construction theory is highly malleable, and this scenario construction is not limited to major event security training; many similar scenario-based trainings can draw on this theory. In the future, with the development of virtual reality technology and other advancements, it is believed that more realistic scenarios will be constructed, and more accurate training data will be simulated for summarization and feedback, providing trainees with a more intuitive experience. It will even be possible for trainees to experience training environments indistinguishable from reality without leaving their homes, at any time and anywhere. It is believed that such technology will be extensively developed and widely adopted in society in the near future.

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