Introduction: In a certain year, based on terminal sales data, Liuzhou emerged as the city with the highest penetration rate of new energy vehicles in China, surpassing traditionally recognized strongholds in the sector, thanks to its impressive rate exceeding a certain percentage.

从北京到柳州，一天只有一班飞机；从上海到柳州，一天只有两班飞机；而从广州到柳州，则没有直达航班。即便如此，为了那一口"又香又臭"的螺蛳粉，游客也不惜辗转从全国各地来到这座新晋网红城市。

而到了柳州的游客，除了可以肆意"嗦粉"，还可以看到一道独特的风景线，即形态各异的电动车穿梭在大街小巷，树荫下的人行道边上画了一个个"小格子"，憨态可掬的微型电动车就停在"小格子"里充电。

年，根据终端销量数据，柳州凭借超%的新能源汽车渗透率，成为全国新能源汽车渗透率最高的城市。汽车上牌数据也显示了这座位于中国西南的三线城市的独特性，年每个月销量排行前十的车型中，有款都是新能源汽车，个别月份销量前十车型中燃油车甚至"绝迹"了。

柳州人最爱买的车非上汽通用五菱莫属，包括五菱宏光、五菱缤果、宝骏云朵、宝骏 、五菱星光等。"买五菱宏光 的时候，大家甚至抢买稀奇古怪的车身颜色，因为放眼望去马路上全停的这个车，根本认不出哪辆是自己的，特别是接送小孩上学的时候。"柳州一位当地市民刘红向第一财经记者表示。

长期以来，汽车、冶金和机械为柳州三大支柱产业，其中尤以汽车产业居于首位，汽车总产值巅峰时期几乎占据了柳州当年全部工业总产值的半壁江山。从年生产出第一款新能源汽车，到年初启动实施"政企三级联动工程"的"柳州模式"，柳州敏锐地抓住了汽车电气化的变革趋势，并凭借得天独厚的气候条件和工业基础，以及与当地车企上汽通用五菱的联动，逐步完成了初步的产业新旧转换。

However, opportunities and challenges coexist. The explosive popularity of micro electric vehicles targeting the lower-tier market has not successfully bolstered the automotive industry in Liuzhou. The total output value of Liuzhou's automobile sector has declined from billion yuan in a certain year to billion yuan by a certain month in another year. Behind the revelry of Luosifen and micro electric vehicles, Liuzhou—an aging industrial city—much like SAIC-GM-Wuling, urgently needs to advance to the next stage of industrial upgrading.

New energy penetration rate No. 1 city

Located in the central-northern part of Guangxi, Liuzhou was transformed into one of the significant industrial bases in Southwest China during the 1950s and 1960s under the central government's planning. Workers and roaring machinery from across the nation helped establish three major industrial pillars: automobiles, machinery, and steel. The industrial development of Liuzhou is closely tied to its automotive sector, particularly intertwined with the fate of the local automaker SAIC-GM-Wuling.

正是在大力发展工业的同时，年，柳州动力机械厂成立，这也是上汽通用五菱的前身。除了成立之初生产过拖拉机，柳州动力机械厂以及后来的上汽通用五菱都与"微型汽车"息息相关，曾在改革开放后，果断转产微型汽车，主要生产商用性质的微货和微面，后又在中国家庭用车需求爆发时，推出了被称为"神车"的商乘两用车——五菱宏光，连续多年稳坐微车"老大"的宝座。

一位在五菱工作超年的高管杜明在接受第一财经记者采访时称，总结上汽通用五菱过去的成功经验，可以主要概括为三点，首先是时势造英雄，上汽通用五菱能够适时推出市场需要的产品；其次是在原有的产品基础上不断创新，比如五菱宏光在网上被称为"秋名山神车"便是因为率先在该细分市场采用了前置后驱的技术形式；最后是上汽通用五菱有着强大的营销系统。

上述三点也同样适用于上汽通用五菱在新能源汽车转型上的成功。台电动大巴在北京奥运会期间零故障成功运营后，我国看到了发展电动汽车的信心。年，国务院出台《汽车产业调整与振兴规划》，安排资金支持新能源产业发展。同年，中国发布"十城千辆节能与新能源汽车示范推广应用工程"，为新能源汽车生产与推广提供财政补贴。

Year after year, new energy vehicles entered the industrialization phase, with governments and enterprises across the country reaching a consensus to further expand policies and subsidies. With policy support, in that year, China's new energy vehicle market experienced explosive growth, selling 1.0 million units annually, a year-on-year increase of 1.0 times. As a result, China became the world's largest new energy vehicle market.

At a critical stage of the automotive industry's transition to new energy, SAIC-GM-Wuling produced its first new energy vehicle—a two-seater microcar, which was also the first new energy vehicle manufactured in Liuzhou. Located in the southwestern corner of China, Liuzhou enjoys a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of around degrees Celsius, providing uniquely favorable climatic conditions for promoting electric vehicles. Coupled with its strong automotive industry foundation, the development of new energy vehicles in the city was a natural progression.

但是对于新能源汽车这个新鲜事物，柳州要跨越的障碍还很多，比如消费者对新能源的认知低、充电基础设施差、初期消费者购买电车成本高昂等。于是在年初，柳州启动实施"政企三级联动工程"， 即政府提供政策及公共资源扶持，企业提供产品及技术支持，共同探索新能源汽车推广应用与产业发展相融合的新模式。

在上述"柳州模式"的指导下，柳州大力建设新能源专用停车位、建设新能源汽车推广应用示范小区、加大公共区域和机关单位的充电设施建设及市区公共车位免费停放电动汽车等。除此之外，柳州还给了新能源汽车很多"特权"，比如新能源汽车可以使用公交专用车道；规划了专属停车位，比如上述人行道上划出的"小格子"，是专供微型电动车的停车位，普通燃油车根本停不进，如果燃油车占用新能源汽车停车位，还将被贴单并罚款；新能源汽车专属停车位边上还规划了充电基础设施，方便车辆停放时充电，打造了"十分钟充电圈"。

在前期推广时，为了加大消费者对新能源汽车的认知程度，上汽通用五菱生产的首批微型车免费提供给柳州市民申请试用。"路边的小车位停车免费，购车和充电也都有补贴，算下来微型电动车的购买和持有成本非常低，慢慢地大家都倾向于买新能源汽车了。"刘红向记者表示。

在多方位因素助力下，新能源汽车在柳州遍地开花。虽然柳州新能源汽车绝对销量没法与北上广深等大城市比，但渗透率却常年维持在前列。公开数据显示，2018年_{2021年，柳州市新能源汽车渗透率为19.9%、24.7%、28.8%、32.9%，其中，2018年}2020年连续三年位居全国第一，2021年位列第四，排在上海市、深圳市、三亚市之后。到2023年，柳州新能源汽车渗透率首次突破了50%。2024年，根据终端销量数据，柳州凭借超66%的新能源汽车渗透率，成为全国新能源汽车渗透率最高的城市，超过了传统认知中的新能源汽车强市。

微型电动车"价格屠夫"

"原本路上还能看到奇瑞小蚂蚁之类的微型电动车，但五菱宏光 上市后，别的微型电动车就慢慢销声匿迹了，原因就是五菱宏光 具备极致的性价比。"刘红告诉记者。

年月，上汽通用五菱在新能源汽车时代的代表作五菱宏光 正式上市，这是一款四座微型电动车，是在柳州经过市民试用、调研后的改良之作，当时凭借.万元的低廉起售价，以及实用的功能，迅速打开了市场，被称为"老头乐终结者"，凭借可爱的外观，人送外号"剁椒鱼头"。

In Liuzhou, the Wuling Hongguang enjoys additional subsidies. Liu Hong mentioned that buyers receive an annual rebate for five consecutive years, effectively reducing the price by a certain amount from the original. Public data shows that in its first year on the market, the Wuling Hongguang sold 10,000 units. The following year, sales surged to 20,000 units, a 50% year-on-year increase. By the third year, sales reached 30,000 units, up another 50%, making it a phenomenal product in the automotive market at the time.

However, that year, as the consumer market upgraded to small electric vehicles, the micro electric vehicle market rapidly shrank. Additionally, numerous automakers joined the competition in the micro/small electric vehicle segment, such as Changan, BYD Seagull, and Geely Panda, intensifying market competition to a fever pitch. Although the Wuling Hongguang still ranked first in market share within its segment that year, its sales dropped to only [number] million units, a year-on-year decrease of [percentage]%. By [specific year], as the micro electric vehicle market rebounded, Wuling Hongguang's sales also recovered, reaching [number] million units.

"价格屠夫"五菱宏光 一问世，就引来了业内热议，即上汽通用五菱是否在"亏本卖车"？对于车市价格战，上汽通用五菱产品创新中心总经理赵奕凡曾向记者表示，五菱不怕价格战。五菱在制造业行业深耕了年，深深地明白规模化效应能带来的成本降低，未来公司的新能源原生架构将进一步加大规模化效益，这是五菱在应对价格战挑战时的优势。

Regarding the question of how this vehicle achieves a balance between low-price sales and profitability, a research team from Nagoya University in Japan once disassembled a top-of-the-line Wuling Hongguang (model, priced at .10,000 yuan). The disassembly results showed that the Hongguang manages costs by...