作为中国海军目前的主力驱逐舰,052D的建造规模大,综合战斗力强,那么从052到052D经历了怎样的升级呢?
▲052型驱逐舰哈尔滨舰
中国海军的驱逐舰命名,事实上是以动力系统为主导的,同一类型的动力系统形成同一类舰型,052就是如此,最早的2艘052采用了美国LM2500燃气轮机和德国柴油机(MTU 20V956TB92)为动力组,也为后来的柴燃交替动力组打下了基础,当然最早的2艘052吨位并不大,只有四千多吨,武器系统也比较落后,只有8枚鹰击8反舰导弹,还有8枚海红旗7防空导弹,副炮还是只有4门76A型37毫米舰炮,船电系统也不先进,缺乏比较好的对空、对海警戒雷达,都是在凑合,而且后来由于美国燃气轮机断供,052也没法继续建造了,就建造了这两艘。
▲052B型驱逐舰广州舰
进入新世纪后,我们从乌克兰获得了UGT25000燃气轮机,再度具备了量产052的条件,但老的052构型肯定是不能再用了,为了赶上世界先进水平,必然要走四面相控阵的路子。但在海之星雷达还没有研制成功的情况下,052的后续舰只好分两步走,第一步是安装俄罗斯的顶板雷达,施基利发射系统,具备一个基本的中程区域防空能力,由于UGT25000功率比较高,因此新的052吨位扩大,舰型更为舒展,采用了隐身性能设计,这就是052B。
▲ 052C型驱逐舰西安舰
因为中国海军的最终目标,是装备类似于伯克级那样的四面相控阵的盾舰,052B注定只能成为过渡,只建造了2艘,再往后的2艘就带相控阵雷达了,这就是大名鼎鼎的052C中华神盾。相比052B,052C的舰体尺寸变化不大,吨位有所提高,最大的改变是在舰桥上加装了海之星四面相控阵雷达,在舰体前方和后方加装了8组48个左轮式的垂发系统,可以发射海红旗9远程防空导弹,这是中国海军首次自行研制的四面相控阵雷达和远程防空导弹,意义非凡。
▲ 052D型驱逐舰银川舰
052C驱逐舰虽然有进步,但还有不足,一方面,它的垂发还是左轮式,不能多弹通用,另一方面,海之星雷达使用的是第一代封装工艺,性能也就一般般,武备方面,也缺乏类似于海拉姆那样的近程防空导弹。所以,进入2010年之后,052C就显得比较落后了。

So the final masterpiece of the 052 series, 052D, appeared. Compared with the 052C, the 052D hull is similar. The focus has been on upgrading the phased array radar, upgrading the 346 radar to the 346A using gallium arsenide components, and comprehensively updating the weapon system, such as replacing the original with a new generation of universal vertical hair. The revolver vertical hair is compatible with anti-aircraft missiles and anti-ship missiles. The 1130 near-anti-aircraft gun and Haihongqi 10 short-range anti-aircraft missile are used to replace the original two 730 near-anti-aircraft guns. The immature 100mm single-barrel naval gun was replaced by the 130mm naval gun. After this series of changes, many of the performances of the 052D have undergone qualitative changes, especially air defense, which has been greatly improved compared to the 052C. This is the origin of the legendary 052D destroyer.

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Author: Emma

An experienced news writer, focusing on in-depth reporting and analysis in the fields of economics, military, technology, and warfare. With over 20 years of rich experience in news reporting and editing, he has set foot in various global hotspots and witnessed many major events firsthand. His works have been widely acclaimed and have won numerous awards.

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